Problem-Solving Strategies – Short Notes

 

II  Problem-Solving Strategies – Short Notes

1. Problem Solving

  • Definition: A systematic process of understanding a problem and finding an effective solution.

  • Steps:

    1. Defining the Problem – Identify clearly what needs to be solved.

    2. Devising the Solution – Think of possible methods/approaches.

    3. Decomposition – Break a complex problem into smaller, manageable parts.

    4. Other Strategies –

      • Trial and Error: Test multiple solutions.

      • Working Backwards: Start from the desired outcome.

      • Analogy: Use past problem solutions for current one.

      • Divide and Conquer: Tackle parts separately, then combine.

    5. Patterns and Generalisation –

      • Patterns: Look for recurring similarities.

      • Generalisation: Create rules/solutions that apply to multiple problems.

2. Abstraction and Modelling

a. Abstraction

  • Focus only on the essential details, ignoring unnecessary information.

  • Helps simplify complex problems.

  • Example: When using Google Maps, we only need routes & directions, not every tree/building.

b. Modelling

  • Creating a representation of a real-world system to analyze and solve problems.

  • Models can be diagrams, flowcharts, mathematical formulas, or simulations.

  • Example: Weather forecast models, ER diagrams in databases.

Summary:
Effective problem-solving requires clear definition, decomposition, use of strategies, and recognition of patterns.
Abstraction and modelling make complex problems easier to understand and solve.

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